Why race and culture matter in schools : closing the achievement gap in America's classrooms / Tyrone C. Howard ; foreword by Geneva Gay.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-173) and index.

Series Foreword / James A. Banks -- Foreword / Geneva Gay -- Introduction -- Socioeconomic Status and School Performance -- Outline of the Book -- Moving Away from the Black-White Dichotomy -- Achievement Gap: Contextualizing the Problem -- Documenting the Achievement Gap -- Documenting the Discrepancies -- Retention, Suspensions, and Expulsions -- School Drop-Out and Graduation Rates -- Access to Gifted and AP Courses -- SAT Scores -- Explaining the Gaps -- Future Considerations -- Changing Demographics -- A Changing Nation -- Demographic Shifts by Geographic Region and Age -- U.S. Schools and Changing Demographics -- Are Teachers Being Prepared to Teach in Diverse Settings? -- Multicultural Education for School Reform -- The Role of Social Class -- Culture -- Culture, Race, and Ethnicity -- The Complexity of Culture -- Sociocultural Theory -- Cultural Modeling -- Cultural Repertoires of Practice -- Normalizing Culture in Everyday Practice -- Culturally Responsive Pedagogy -- Seeking Clarity in Culture and Pedagogy -- Empirical and Conceptual Work on Culturally Responsive Pedagogy -- The Importance of Pedagogy -- Programs with Culturally Responsive Teaching -- The Role of Race in Learning -- Interrogating Race -- Race and Education in the United States -- Critical Race Theory: A Framework for Examining Race and Achievement -- Empirical Works Examining race -- Granting Voice to Those Who Rarely Are Heard -- Internalized Racism: Educators of Color and Acts of Exclusion -- Racial Frames of Reference -- Developing Cultural Competence and Racial Awareness in Classroom Teachers -- Cultural Competence -- Critical Self-Reflection on Race and Culture -- Race, Culture, and the Adaptive Unconsciousness -- Racial Awareness -- A Case Study of Critical Reflecting: Teaching Teachers to Reflect on Race -- Final Considerations -- Examples of School Success for Culturally Diverse Students -- Stories of School Success -- Visionary Leadership -- Effective Instructional Practices -- Intensive Academic Intervention -- Explicit Acknowledgement of Race -- Parental and Community Engagement -- Final Thoughts.